Circa 1,200 B.C… "Rig-Veda"
The most ancient Aryan praise-verses.
It tells a simple expectation that humans, in the state of afterdeath, would get new bodies and new residences in the father’s country up above in heaven.
*Aryan… were a martial race with patriarchy, as same as their far relative races like Greek, Celtic and Germanic. They had a polytheistic religion, and oral-legend tradition of myths and poetries. The ritual to entertain deities around the fire in the centre of household was a common custom for these races.
*Vedas… indicate the entirety of knowledge for understanding the order of universe, which requires to execute the religious rituals.
"Brahmana"… is a collection of anthems equivalent to "Rig-Veda", and is the texts (Vedas) concerned to the complicated rituals, which was increasing, have been compiled by Brahmins (priestly class).
It consists from two fundamental principles as its pillars;
*Vedas (knowledge about the rituals)
*Karma (ritual acts)
= It was thought that sacrificing by the sacred fire embodies the mechanical structure in the foundation of the universe, and the correct ritual act can make the matter that human hopes come true, at the level of the universe.
= Effectiveness of the sacrifice does not emarge from the deities (devas), the object of the sacrifice, but directly from the knowledge and action at the ritual of the sacrifice.
= The afterlife of a dead depends on whether his/her direct successor and his/her descendants execute the rituals correctly.
= This way of thinking ends in a positive point of view at life in both present life and afterlife, and an affirmation of secular profit as preferable thing.
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